WORDSTEMS FOR BIOLOGY 101

        The meaning of words may, at the very least, be approximated if you know their etymological origins.  This is especially true for scientific terms.  This principle will be emphasized during this course, and some wordstems will appear on every test.  The value of knowing wordstems is not limited to science, but is applicable to every aspect of language, and we are confident that your knowledge of them will be a valuable tool for you in understanding language for the rest of your life.  Most quality dictionaries will give the etymological derivation of defined words.  Learn to use this feature and it will give you insight into the history of language and culture.
        The following wordstems have been presented in Biology 101 over the previous years.  You should learn each grouping prior to the indicated test, being certain to add any new wordstems which were given in class but are not be on the list.  If they are presented in class, they are eligible for use on any subsequent tests.  Wordstems are cumulative for the quarter.

	WORDSTEM	MEANING(S)		WORDSTEM	MEANING(S)
1	a-	without	91	lith-	stone, rock
2	acet-	vinegar	92	logos	word, science, doctrine
3	acro-	highest point	93	-logy	science
4	ad-	to, towards	94	lucid	light
5	aden-	gland	95	lux	light
6	aero-	air, with oxygen	96	lys-	break
7	-al	aldehyde	97	matrix	mother
8	albu-	white	98	melan-	black
9	amphi-	both	99	-mer	part, unit
10	amyl-	starch	100	meter	measure
11	ana-	upward, up	101	metric	measure
12	-ane	saturated hydrocarbon	102	mito-	thread
13	anima	soul	103	mnem-	memory
14	anti-	against	104	mono-	single
15	aqu-	water	105	mul-	milk
16	arithm-	number	106	muta-	change
17	-ase	enzyme	107	N:P:K	nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium
18	astro-	star	108	nomen-	name
19	athero-	fatty	109	-nomy	rule
20	auto-	self	110	nucl-	nut, kernal
21	bi-	two	111	oct-	eight
22	bio-	life	112	-oid	like, similar
23	-bol-	throw	113	-ol	alcohol
24	bryo-	moss	114	-oma	tumor
25	CA	cancer	115	-one	ketone
26	cancer	crab	116	orbit	rut, track, wheel
27	carcin-	crab, cancer	117	-ose	sugar
28	cardio-	heart	118	-osis	process, condition
29	cata-	downward	119	osmo-	push
30	cell	little room, chamber	120	oxy-	sharp, acid
31	chloro-	green	121	p	?log base 10
32	chol-	bile	122	paleo-	ancient
33	chondri-	cartilage	123	patho-	suffer, disease
34	chromo-	color	124	pent-	five
35	-cide	kill	125	pept-	stomach
36	cilium	hair	126	per-	thoroughly, throughout
37	cis	on the same side	127	phago-	eat
38	-clature	to call	128	-phil	like
39	co-	together	129	phlegm-	watery
40	colla-	glue	130	-phobe	hate, fear
41	corpus	body	131	photo-	light
42	cortex	bark	132	physio-	nature, bodily function
43	crypto-	hidden	133	plasm-	shape, form
44	-cule	little	134	poly-	many
45	cyto-	cell	135	-port	carry
46	de-	remove	136	pyr-	fire
47	deuter-	second	137	reticulo-	network, little
48	dextr-	right	138	retro-	backward
49	di-	two	139	sacchar-	sugar
50	dia-	through, across	140	sangui-	blood
51	dys-	improper, faulty	141	sapiens	wise
52	-elle	diminutive	142	scala	ladder
53	endo-	inside	143	scler-	hard, tough
54	-ene	unsaturated hydrocarbon	144	-scope	examine
55	entomo-	insect	145	semi-	half
56	enzyme	inside yeast	146	sept-	seven
57	-erg	work	147	sinistr-	left
58	etymo-	truth	148	-sis	process, condition
59	eu-	well, true	149	-some	body
60	exo-	outside	150	sperm	seed
61	flag-	beat	151	spir-	breathe
62	form-	ant	152	stat-	hold, maintain
63	fruct-	fruit	153	ster-	fat
64	Gaia	earth goddess	154	stratum	layer
65	Galapagos	giant tortoise	155	sym-	together, same
66	galaxy	milky	156	syn-	together, same
67	-gen	give rise to	157	taxo-	arrange
68	geo-	earth	158	tele-	last, far
69	glu-	sweet, sugar	159	tetra	four
70	glyc-	sweet	160	thermo-	heat
71	halo-	salt	161	thio-	sulfur
72	-hedron	regular solid	162	-tion	process, condition
73	helio-	sun	163	-tom	cut
74	hept-	seven	164	-tonic	strength
75	hetero-	different	165	-top-	place
76	hex-	six	166	tox-	poison
77	homo-	same, man	167	trans	across
78	humor	bodily fluid	168	troph-	feed, nourish
79	hydro-	water	169	-trop-	turn
80	hyper-	over, excess	170	-uvic	grape
81	-in	agent	171	val-	power
82	-ine	nitrogen containing	172	vesicle	bag little
83	iso-	same, equal	173	vita	life
84	-itis	inflamation	174	-yl	chemical radical
85	kin-	activate, move	175	-zyme	yeast
86	lact-	milk
87	lecth-	egg yolk
88	levo-	left
89	levulo-	left
90	lip-	fat