HISTOLOGY OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ©David B. Fankhauser, Ph.D., Professor of Biology and Chemistry University of Cincinnati Clermont College, Batavia OH 45103
above:  neutrophil & lymphocyte   below:  basophil	This page has been accessed  times since 27 March 2002.  16 April 1990, rvsd, 14 April 94, 28 Mar 95, 22 March 96, 3 April 97, 2 April 98, 27 Mar 01, 23 Mar 02	above:  eosinophil and lymphocyte  below:  platelets and monocyte

Examine the following slide, illustrate the specified view, label the specified features. Note the function of each type of blood cell.  Record the Vernier Scale addresses of each cell type.  The plate numbers are in di Fiore's Atlas of Normal Histology, 9^th Ed.  Histology of arteries and veins is at the bottom of this page.

Slide 1. Blood smear, human, 400x, VE: pp. 65, 67 (see also pp. 62-73.)

This slide has been stained with Wright's stain, a complex stain containing eosin (a red stain) and methylene blue.  They allow differential staining of various leukocytes.
Illustrate in a single LARGE view: five or six erythrocytes and platelets, and then at least one each of each class of leukocyte. (Scan at 100x to find the rare leukocytes, then switch to 400x) Record the location of each cell type using the Vernier scale on the mechanical stage. Fill in addresses and copy in the form at bottom of page. Give function of each class (from text or lecture).

erythrocytes most numerous, featureless pink circles

platelets numerous, small, irregular shape and size, reddish (trigger clumping)

LEUKOCYTES:
 

Class	Appearance	Function	% total leukocytes	vernier fore-aft	vernier lateral
AGRANULOCYTES
lymphocyte	round nucleus, very little cytoplasm, smallest of leukocytes	immune cells, either B cells or T cells	25 - 33%
monocyte	varied nuclear shape, "like a phone receiver" more cytoplasm, largest of leukocytes	immature macrophage (part of the diffuse reticuloendothelial system of the body)	3 - 7%
GRANULOCYTES
neutrophil	numerous, pale cytoplasm, distinct multiple nuclear lobes  also called polymorphonucleocytes = PMNs.	major class of phagocytes, kill with H2O2, attract other phagocytes	57 - 67%
eosinophil	reddish granules in cytoplasm, nucleus bilobed	phagocytose Ag-Ab complexes	1 - 3%
basophil	cytoplasmic grains dark blue, less numerous, lobes less distinct, larger	Similar to mast cells, contain histamine and heparin	0.5 - 1%

Other images of leukocytes:
basophil:

eosinophils:

monocyte:

neutrophils:

 
 

Slide 2.  Artery and vein (H1750) p. 113 & 115, 100x: endothelium
Contrasting histology of arteries and veins (See Martini's 5th: p 693):
 

TISSUE LAYERS	ARTERY	VEIN
tunica interna	endothelium, internal elastic lamina	endothelium
tunica media	thick smooth muscle, external elastic lamina	thin smooth muscle
tunica externa	adventitia with vasovasorum	vasovasorum

 Here is a labeled view of an artery and a vein which contrasts their composition.

	Arteries are thicker walled, have a smaller diameter, and hold themselves open.  Veins are larger diameteres, thinner walled,  and "floppier." You can also see adipose tissue and, in the upper right, two nerves.
	This is a 100x view of an artery.  Note again its open lumen and thick wall.
	At 400x, the artery displays the internal elastic lamina, the thick tunica media, composed of smooth muscle, and the outermost adventitia or tunica externa.  Red blood cells can be seen in the lumen.
	A 400x view of a vein shows little evidence of elasticity of the tunica intima, and a sparce amount of tunica media.

Label the following in your illustrations of an artery and vein:
    internal elastic lamina
    tunica media
    tunica adventitia
    adipose tissue

VERNIER SCALE ADDRESS OF LEUKOCYTES

Fill in this table, and place in the slide box:

Vernier scale leukocyte addresses form:

Record slide set number, the addresses, your name and the date. Place in the slide box.