Demonstration of the importance of sample size in confidence in data page 27
23 Jan 1995, revised 2 Jan 1996, 5 Jan '98, 2 Jan 03
Cross: AABB x aabb produces F-1.Then, AaBb x aabb test cross to produce progeny:
Null hypothesis: There is no linkage between A and B, thus 1:1:1:1 ratio.
I. Cross is performed with sample size of 300 progeny.
phenotype observed expected dev'tn sqr of dev sqr dev/exp
AB 78 75 3 9 0.12
Ab 74 75 -1 1 0.0133333
aB 63 75 -12 144 1.92
ab 85 75 10 100 1.3333333
Total: 300 X sqrd: 3.3866667
d.f. = 3 P = 0.1 - 0.5
Thus, expect deviations as great as these 10% of the time.
Therefore, we conclude that the markers have not shown linkage.
II. Cross is performed with sample size of 3000 progeny.
phenotype observed expected dev'tn sqr of dev sqr dev/exp
AB 780 750 30 900 1.2
Ab 740 750 -10 100 0.1333333
aB 630 750 -120 14400 19.2
ab 850 750 100 10000 13.333333
Total: 3000 X sqrd: 33.866667
d.f. = 3 P.= > 0.005
Thus, these deviations are expected randomly less than 0.5% of the time.
Therefore, we conclude that data would deviate this much from the expected ratios
only 0.5 % of the time by random variation if they are not unlinked, and the
null hypothesis is rejected.
III. Linkage:
recombinant types: Ab 740
aB 630
Total recombinants: 1370
Total progeny: 3000
Recombinant/total progeny: 0.4566667   =
                                                  45.7 map units between A and B.