MICROBIOLOGICAL MEDIA PREPARATION ©David B. Fankhauser, Ph.D., Professor of Biology and Chemistry University of Cincinnati Clermont College Batavia OH 45103
dehydrated media has been weighed out	This page has been accessed  times since 11 July 2001.  18 October 1985, latest revisions 1 Jan 96, 25 June 99, 28 June 01	sterilized media is being poured into sterile petri dishes

   The chance observation in 1881 of bacteria growing on the surface of a spoiling slice of boiled potato led Robert Koch to
devise the technique called single colony isolation. He correctly deduced that each spot, or colony, of bacteria had grown as
a clone from a single contaminating bacterium. He subsequently developed the use of agar, a polysaccharide derived from
certain red algae, to solidify nutrient liquid media. This allowed a specimen to be spread across the surface of the medium
and grown to produce single colonies, thus isolating the various microorganisms which might be present. The power and
elegance of this technique will be explored in later exercises.

Agar is particularly suited as a solidifying agent because it will not melt until the medium is heated to near boiling(
95°C-100°C), but will remain melted until cooled to around 42°C. It is not degraded by the vast majority of bacteria, and
therefore maintains its structure during bacterial growth, and because it is not a nutrient for bacteria, it also allows strict
control of growth factors.

There is a wide variety of media which are used in microbiology, but the procedures used in their preparation are generally
the same. They include weighing out the dehydrated media, dissolving it in dH2O, sterilizing it (usually by autoclaving),
pouring the plates, preincubation to check for contamination and to dry out the plates, and storage.

Because medium boils up during decompression from autoclaving, we will autoclave only 600 mL of medium in a 1 liter
bottle. You will need to calculate the amount of powder needed per 600 mL of medium since the directions on reagent
bottles are for 1 full liter. Teams of 3-4 students will prepare a media assigned to them. [Have media in autoclave within 75
minutes of start of class in order to have plates poured by the end of a three hour lecture/lab.]
 
 

WEIGH OUT THE DRY MEDIA:
 

	1. Tare out the 1000 mL beaker, use counterweights if necessary, record tare weight.
	2. Sum the desired mass of the dehydrated medium + tare weight, set balance to read the sum.
	3. Add dry reagent with care to beaker with a clean spatula. After each addition, gently tap the edge of beaker with spatula to judge progress. When close to the desired weight, tilt and roll the reagent bottle, tap its neck to sprinkle in the final amount until equal swings are achieved. Do not remove any excess back to the reagent bottle. Replace the cover immediately on the reagent bottle (it is hygroscopic). Record the actual amount added.
	4. If there are more than a single substance in your medium, repeat steps 2 & 3 for other dry materials. (Use each new apparent weight as the new tare, repeat the sequence of steps.)  Check again to be sure all reagent are securely capped.
	5. Add dH20 to the beaker with stirring, break up clumps of powder, q.s. to the desired volume (200 mL here).

DISSOLVE THE MEDIA:
 

	6. Stirring with a thermometer, heat to boiling: do not allow to boil over, nor to burn on bottom. Have hot pads available. (Microwave in cycles of heating and stirring, do not boil over.)
	7.  The media should clarify near boiling (95-100 C).
	8. Pour into a 1000 mL bottle with a funnel. Cap loosely, label bottle with name of medium and your group's name, place in autoclave.

 AUTOCLAVE: (After all student groups have placed their loosely capped bottles in autoclave)
 

	9.  Place dissolved, loosely capped media in the autoclave.
	10. Set for slow exhaust, autoclave the medium at 15 lbs. pressure for 15 minutes (for most media).  This takes at least 45 minutes.
	11.  Remove from autoclave (CAUTION: HOT STEAM), allow to cool to 50-60°C (feels hot, but possible to hold).*

POURING PLATES:
 

	12. Open a sterile package of petri dishes preserving bag for later storage.
	13.  Mark the sides of the dishes according to code lines to indicate the type of media they contain (or label the petri dishes on bottom in small letters: plate type, date.)
	14.  On a sterile field, each student pours at least four plates using sterile technique as demonstrated. (Position stacks of four or five sterile plates near edge of desk, remove and hold cap with little finger, flame lip of bottle, fill bottom plate first, at least half full, repeat, holding lid over plate as you pour.)
	15.  Flame the lip of the bottle whenever the lid is replaced.  The last student pours all of the rest of the medium.
	16.  Rinse bottle immediately after pouring last plate before the remnant solidifies.
	17.  When plates have solidified, invert, place in 37°C incubator for 48 hours to check for sterility and to dry out excess moisture. Store in labeled plastic bag at 4C°. Pre-warm before using.

*The cooling process may be hastened by placing in front of fan, or immersion of the hot bottles of medium into a bucket of
50°C water. (Colder water may cause the bottles to break...)