DEFENSE: NON SPECIFIC

8/3/87, RVSD 8/17/94, 14 Aug 00, 7 March 02, 12 Aug 02, 13 Aug 03, 16 Aug04, 5 May06, 15 Aug 07

Fr: TFC, 2nd Ed, 437., Alcamo, pp547-581, TFC’s 7^th: 454-472, 476-495, 8^th: 458-481, Black’s 6^th: 446-467, Bauman 2^nd: 438-459

NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES: (see summary table on p 441, 442)

      mechanical barriers      skin                             keratin, sebum                                                               438

                                            mucous membrane     mucus contains IgA, lysozyme (can be acidic)             440

                                            cilia & mucus             especially in respiratory tract                                        440

                                            tears                            lysozyme, IgA                                                               441

CELLULAR DEFENSES:

LEUKOCYTES:

GRANULOCYTES:                                                                                                         illustration on p 445

      NEUTROPHILS: 57-67%,                       (polymorphonuclear leukocytes= PMNs) phagocytic, increase with infection

      EOSINOPHILS:  1 - 3 %    phagocytes of Ag-Ab complex, increase in allergy parasitic infection, leukemia.

      BASOPHILS:                       0.5 - 1%      like mast cells: histamine & heparin, accumulate in damaged tissue

AGRANULOCYTES: cytoplasm does not stain:

      LYMPHOCYTES:              25 - 33%      most numerous: produce Abs, these incr during mononucleosis,

      MONOCYTE:                      3 - 7%          immature macrophage, incr in TB, protozoan infection, leukemia, mono. aggressive phagocytic

      phagocytosis        PMNs, reticuloendothelial system, chemotaxis                                              446, 449

      compliment          serum proteins which combine form doughnut, lyses cells.

                                    Antibody activated                                                                                                    451

      interferon             released from certain leukocytes, inhibit viral spread                                               453

      Inflammation       mediated by histamine from mast cells

                                    (erythema, pyrogenic effect, edema)                                                                 455, 456

      chemical:              acid in stomach, bile, lysozyme, sebum, interferon 

      Fever                    pyrogens and/or interleukin-1triggers hypothalamus to rest thermostat

                                    chills shivering can accompany. When reset: sweat = crisis                                    457