IRRGULAR GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

rvsd 4 July 1993, 3 August 1994, 3 Aug 01, 6 Aug 01, 28 Feb 02, 1 Aug 03, 15 Aug 07

TFC, 2nd, p 275-299, also Jensen & Wright, Medical Microbiology, TFC’s 7^th, pp 304-, 8^th: 316-333

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, (1984) four volumes, Bauman 2^nd: 595-619

MYCOPLASMAS: (P 595) no cell wall, possess steroids, penicillin resistant, pleomorphic

      Mycoplasma pneumonia            primary atypical pneumonia, hard to culture, tiny "fried egg" colonies

RICKETTSIAS (etc): obligate intracellular parasites (P 597)

      Rickettsia prowazekii:                epidemic typhus, poor hygiene, crowding, transmitted by lice

      R. rickettsia:                              ( P 598) rocky mountain spotted fever, by ticks both damage capillaries, lead to circ. collapse

ANAEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCI (p 601)

      Chlamydia trachomatis:            (rough tumor) most common cause of blindness, prime cause of NGU, perhaps most common STD. Life cycle: p 602

      Chlamydia psittaci:                    parrot fever, ornithosis p 605

SPIROCHETES (axial filament around which they are spiraled is characteristic feature) (p 607, 609)

      Treponema pallidum                   (turning thread) very fragile. T.p. crosses placenta, Ab may not protect. 70 cases/yr

             Stages of syphilis:              1° p 30 days=chancre,

                                                          2°= 4 mo: rash &

                                                          3° p4-30 yrs: gumma (tumor), neurosyphilis stages. (P 609)  .

      Borrelia burghdorferi                 Lyme disease, target like erythema (p 610-611)

      Borrelia recurrentis                   (P 612) relapsing fever, spread by ticks or lice, poor hygiene, forest cabins: fever, headache, myalgia (muscle pain). Fvr recur 1-2 weeks. Napoleons troops 1812.

      Leptospira interrogans              (P 613, fine coil) zoonosis, infect kidneys, excrete in urine: dog, cat, swine, rodents.

Vibrionaceae: slightly curved, most non-pathogenic

      Vibrio cholerae (p 615)              asiatic cholera: choleragen increases GI perm, mucinase and endotoxin intensely irritate mucous membrane, causes 'rice water' diarrhea. trans: fecal-oral route

      V. parahaemolyticus                   gastroenteritis fr marine shellfish in sewage polluted waters

EPISILON: slender Gm- rods, helical or vibrioid. (microaerophilic) (p616)

      Campylobacter fetus:                 (curved rod) possesses single polar flagellum, causes abortion in domestic animals

      Campylobacter jejuni & C. coli  enteritis: 2nd mst com cause of diarrhea, (blood poss.) fvr, abdml. pain,often severe

      Helicobacter pylori                     (p 618) infections cause 80% of peptic ulcers in humans

LEFT OVER FROM PREVIOUS YEAR’S NOTES, DO NOT BELONG ON THIS PAGE:

      Rhizobium spp.                           (root life) bacteriods symbiotic in legume root nodules, nitrogenase fix N₂ to NH₃, etc.

      Bartonella henselae                    Cat scratch fever: bite or scratch, papular lesion, swollen lymph nodes for weeks. 40,000/yr

      Brucella abortus                         obligt.mammal parasite, brucellosis (undulant fever), fr milk, animal fluids. contag abortn

      Nitrobacter                                 convert NH₃ to NO₃

      Rhizobium                                   infect roots of legumes, form nodules, fix nitrogen

SULFUR REDUCING BACTERIA

      Desulfovibrio:                            reduce S or SO₄ to produce H₂S in mud and intestines...

ALPHA PROTEOBACTERIA: live on low levels of nutrients

   Acetobacter aceti                  (vinegar rod) on substrate of wood shavings, gravel, make acetic acid fr EtOH

REGULAR, NON-SPORULATING, GRAM-POSITIVE RODS

   Lactobacillus:                       aerotolarent, low pH (5) produce lactic acid grow in vagina, intestine, oral cavity    industrially used to make yogurt, sauerkraut, pickles.

   Bacteroides                           group of GI, can cause peritonitis fr. surgery

   Fusobacterium                      flora of gums, often in dental abscesses